Dentosphere : World of Dentistry

 # FIGLU excretion test is used to estimate deficiency of: A. Vitamin K B. Vitamin B12 C. Vitamin Folic acid D. Niacin The correct answer is C. Vitamin Folic acid. Folic acid is associated with the metabolism of histidine. Formiminoglutamate (FIGLU) formed in histidine metabolism accumulates and is excreted in urine. Histidine load test utilizing the excretion of FIGLU in urine is used to assess folic acid deficiency. 

 # Which of the following vitamins is destroyed by heat? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin D C. Biotin D. Thiamin The correct answer is C. Biotin. Biotin is present in many foods, including liver, grains, and eggs. It is also synthesized by intestinal bacteria. The conversion to a coenzyme simply requires that it be covalently linked to the appropriate enzymes. Biotin acts as a carrier of "activated carboxyl" groups for three key enzymes that catalyze carboxylation reactions. The enzymes and the pathways they participate in are: Pyruvate carboxylase (gluconeogenesis), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (fatty acid synthesis), and propionyl-CoA carboxylase (branched chain amino acid catabolism). Biotin deficiency is rare. Excessive consumption of raw egg impairs biotin absorption due to the presence of a biotin-binding protein, avidin, in egg whites. Antibiotics that alter the intestinal flora can also lead to biotin deficiency. Symptoms of deficiency include alopecia, skin and bowel inflammation, ...

# All of the cranial nerve have parasympathetic outflow EXCEPT: A. 5th Nerve B. 7th Nerve C. 3rd Nerve D. 9th Nerve # The future TMJ shows development at: A. 12 week B. 10 week C. 18 week D. 16 week # Area that lies immediately lateral to the anterior perforating substance is: A. Orbital gyrus B. Uncus C. Optic chiasma D. Limen insulae   # Which of the following organ is located posterior to pancreas? A. Kidney B. Stomach C. Colon D. Duodenum # Intrinsic factor of Castle is secreted by which of the following cells in Gastric glands? A. Chief cells B. Parietal cells C. Mucus cells D. B cells # A patient was diagnosed with isolated increase in LDL. His father and brother had the same disease with increased cholesterol. The likely diagnosis is: A. LDL receptor mutation B. Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency type I C. Familial type 3 hyperlipo...

 # During a Le fort I maxillary osteotomy, the tooth most likely to be injured by a low osteotomy line is the: A. Central incisor B. Cuspid C. First bicuspid D. Lateral incisor The correct answer is B. Cuspid. The cuspids, or canine teeth, have the longest roots in both the maxilla and mandible. The average length of a cuspid tooth from the tip of the root to the tip of the crown is 27 mm. It is vital to know the length and position of the dental roots to avoid injuring the apices of the cuspid teeth during Le Fort I osteotomy and placement of internal fixation (interosseous miniplates or microplates and screws). The dentition may also be injured during stabilization of maxillary or mandibular fractures. The bicuspid, central and lateral incisor, and molar teeth all have roots that are shorter than the roots of the cuspid teeth; the average length of a molar tooth from the tip of the root to the tip of the crown, for example, is 24 mm. Consequently, these teeth are much less likely...

 # Bupivacaine is known to cause rapid and resistant cardiac toxicity when administered in high concentrations and volumes. What is the recent advancement to treat its cardiac toxicity? A. Buffered local anesthetics B. Addition of mannitol to local anesthetic solution C. Use of lipid emulsions to reverse the cardiotoxicity of local anesthetics D. Addition of another anesthetic to bupivacaine The correct answer is C. Use of lipid emulsions to reverse the cardiotoxicity of local anesthetics. Cardiovascular collapse from accidental local anesthetic toxicity is rare but the long-acting amide local anesthetics bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine have differential cardiac toxicity, but all are capable of causing death with accidental overdose. In recent times, the discovery that lipid emulsion may improve the chance of successful resuscitation has led to recommendations that it should be available in every location where regional anesthesia is performed. 

 # Best method of intubation in patient undergoing treatment for oral surgery under GA is: A. LMA B. Orotacheal tube C. Laryngeal mask airway D. Naso-endotube The correct answer is D. Naso-endotube. Solution:  The sine qua non for intubation since the twentieth for general anesthesia patients is pharyngeal laryngoscopy and oral intubation. But here the question is about oral surgery treatment. In such cases, nasal intubation is often preferred in patients for unrestricted direct access to the mouth and pharynx regions.  In cases where the direct intubation cannot be done, blind methods such as combitube, LMA can be used. They however interfere with oral surgical procedures.  If the question is asked about maxillofacial injuries in general then the answer is oral intubation. If the question is about oral surgical procedures, the answer is nasal intubation. 

 # Which of the following is not a feature of torus mandibularis? A. Common in mongoloids B. Present on the lingual surface of mandible below the mylohyoid line C. Usually bilateral D. May or may not be associated with torus palatinus The correct answer is B. Present on the lingual surface of mandible below the mylohyoid line. The torus mandibularis is an exostosis or outgrowth of bone found on the lingual surface of the mandible. This growth on the lingual surface of the mandible occurs above the mylohyoid line, usually opposite the bicuspid teeth. Although the mandibular tori are usually bilateral, they are seen as a unilateral condition in about 20% of the cases. Both unilateral and bilateral protuberances may be single or multiple, and they are frequently visible on dental periapical radiographs. There is no correlation in the frequency of simultaneous occurrence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis, according to the studies of Kolas and coworkers, suggesting that the two ...