2nd Year BDS Unit 3 Internal Assessment Examination, Paper IIIA Oral Biology BPKIHS PAST Question

 B.P. KOIRALA INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, DHARAN, NEPAL

2nd Year BDS, Unit 3

Internal Assessment Examination, 20th March 2017

Paper IIIA

Oral Biology

Time: 2 hours                                                                                         Total Marks: 125

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Enumerate the developmental stages of teeth, and describe the cap stage in detail with a well-labelled diagram. (2+5=7)

2. Enumerate the theories of pain transmission in dentin, and discuss the most popular theory. (3+4=7)

3. Draw a well-labelled diagram of dental pulp histology, and enumerate the functions of the dental pulp. (5+2=7)

4. Describe the arrangement of principal fibers of periodontal ligaments with a neat and well labelled diagram. (5+2=7)

5. Describe the phases of tooth modulation with suitable diagrams. (4+3=7)

6. Describe the phenomenon of formation of interglobular dentin with a neat and well labelled diagram. (4+3=7)

7. Describe the morphological changes in the life cycle of odontoblasts with suitable diagrams. (4+3=7)

8. Describe the role of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath in the formation of root.   (7)

9. Describe the different types of cementoenamel junction with a neat and well labelled diagram. (7)

10. Classify the alveolar bone according to functional adaptation with  a suitable diagram. (4+2=6)

11. Describe the formation of pulp stone and classify it. (6) 

12. Describe the labial aspect of permanent maxillary right central incisor. (6)

13. Enlist the fate of dental lamina. (6)

14. Compare the difference between the permanent mandibular central and lateral incisor in six points. (6)   

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The most anterior point of the upper lip is called the:

  # The most anterior point of the upper lip is called the: 

A. Labrale superius

B. Subnasale

C. Stomion superius

D. Soft tissue nasion

The correct answer is A. Labrale superius.

Labrale superius is the most anterior point of the upper lip. 

B is incorrect: The subnasale is the soft tissue point where the curvature of the upper lip connects to the floor of the nose. 

C is incorrect: The stomion superius is the most inferior point of the upper lip. 

D is incorrect: The soft tissue nasion is the concave point of soft tissue outline at the bridge of the nose. 

Aspirin produces all of the following effects EXCEPT:

  # Aspirin produces all of the following effects EXCEPT:

A. Frank gastric bleeding

B. Prolonged prothrombin time

C. Platelet dysfunction

D. Constipation

The correct answer is D. Constipation.

Adverse effects of aspirin 

• Increased blood loss due to antiplatelet activity 

• Hypersensitivity and idiosyncrasy 

• Salt and water retention 

• Reye's syndrome- a rare form of hepatic encephalopathy seen in children having viral infection (influenza virus) 

Hypothalamic nucleus mainly involved in the secretion of ADH is:

  # Hypothalamic nucleus mainly involved in the secretion of ADH is:

A. Preoptic

B. Supraoptic

C. Paraventricular

D. Suprachiasmatic

The correct answer is B. Supraoptic.

The human pituitary gland consists essentially of two parts both controlled by the hypothalamus. The glandular part is the adenohypophysis or anterior lobe and the neural part is the neurohypophysis or posterior lobe. Both the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei exert control over both the hormones ADH and oxytocin. But in specific ADH is secreted mainly by supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus and oxytocin mainly by paraventricular nucleus. From hypothalamus, these hormones are transported to posterior pituitary through hypothalamic- hypophyseal tract by axonal flow. 

# The pathological state that alters the volume of distribution of many drugs is:

  # The pathological state that alters the volume of distribution of many drugs is:

A. Septicemia

B. Duodenal ulcers

C. Congestive heart failure

D. Hypertension

The correct answer is C. Congestive heart failure.

In congestive heart failure the volume distribution is often decreased by 40% and loading doses of drugs should be appropriately reduced. Drug clearance may also be diminished due to decreased blood flow to the liver and kidneys. 

The radiographic feature of sinusitis includes:

  # The radiographic feature of sinusitis includes:

A. Fluid levels

B. Erosion of bone

C. Clouding of antra

D. Clouding and fluid level

The correct answer is D. Clouding and fluid level.

Radiographic features of maxillary sinusitis: Water's view / Occipitomental 15° is the most valuable radiograph 

Odontogenic sinusitis: 

• Either totally opaque sinus or a fluid level 

Acute maxillary sinusitis: 

• Shows uniform opacity. Sometimes a fluid level is discernible. 

Chronic maxillary sinusitis: 

• Shows pansinusitis. 

• Presence of Fluid level 

• Thickened lining membrane 

• Opaque air space may enclose polyps associated with mucosal thickening 

• In case of presence of tooth or root, the characteristic outline is seen within the sinus.