Kennedy classification is determined by: 2079 Lok sewa aayog

# Kennedy classification is determined by:

(A) the most anterior tooth missing 

(B) the first tooth to be lost  

(C) the largest tooth in the space 

(D) the most posterior tooth missing 

The correct answer is D. the most posterior tooth missing. 

Kennedy classification is determined by the most posterior tooth missing on both sides of the arch. Therefore, the correct option is (D) the most posterior tooth missing.

The Kennedy classification system is used to classify partially edentulous arches (i.e., arches with missing teeth) for the purpose of designing removable partial dentures. The classification is based on the location and extent of the edentulous spaces, and it takes into account the position of the remaining natural teeth and their strategic importance in supporting the prosthesis. The classification has four main categories (Class I, II, III, and IV), each of which is further divided into subcategories based on the specific edentulous spaces present in the arch.

The objective of full mouth rehabilitation is:

# The objective of full mouth rehabilitation is:

(A) to treat periodontal conditions 

(B) to minimize undue destructive stress to the tissues 

(C) to replace lost teeth 

(D) to bring in proper occlusion 

The correct answer is D. To bring in proper occlusion.

The objective of full mouth rehabilitation is to bring in proper occlusion, which means achieving a balanced and stable relationship between the upper and lower teeth and the temporomandibular joints (TMJs). Therefore, the correct option is (D) to bring in proper occlusion.

While treating periodontal conditions, minimizing undue destructive stress to the tissues, and replacing lost teeth may be important components of a full mouth rehabilitation plan, the ultimate goal is to achieve proper occlusion.

Which of the cells most commonly found in granuloma? Lok Sewa 2079

 # Which of the cells most commonly found in granuloma? 

(A) Lymphocytes 

(B) Giant cells 

(C) Mast cells 

(D) Neutrophils

The correct answer is B. Giant cells.

The cell most commonly found in granuloma is giant cells. A granuloma is a type of inflammation that occurs in response to chronic infection or inflammation. It is characterized by the accumulation of immune cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes, and giant cells, which are often surrounded by a rim of fibrous tissue. Giant cells are formed by the fusion of macrophages and are a characteristic feature of granulomas. They are often multinucleated and can be identified by their large size and distinctive appearance under the microscope. Lymphocytes are also commonly found in granulomas, but giant cells are the most characteristic cell type. Mast cells and neutrophils are less commonly found in granulomas.

The carotid body is a: Lok Sewa Aayog 2079

  # The carotid body is a:

(A) pressure receptor 

(B) pH receptor 

(C) osmo receptor 

(D) chemo receptor

The correct answer is D. Chemo receptor. 

The carotid body is a chemoreceptor. It is a small cluster of specialized cells located near the bifurcation of the common carotid artery in the neck. The carotid body senses changes in the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH in the blood and sends this information to the brainstem, where it is used to regulate breathing rate and other physiological responses. The carotid body is an important component of the body's homeostatic control mechanisms, helping to ensure that oxygen levels in the blood are maintained within a narrow range.

The suture that maintains strength for longest time is: Lok Sewa Aayog 2079

 # The suture that maintains strength for longest time is:

 (A) Dexon 

(B) Vicryl 

(C) PDS 

(D) Chromic catgut 

The correct answer is C. PDS. 

The suture that maintains strength for the longest time is PDS (Polydioxanone). PDS is a synthetic absorbable suture that is gradually broken down by hydrolysis and is intended to be absorbed by the body over a period of approximately 6 months. In comparison, Vicryl (Polyglactin 910) and Dexon (Polyglycolic acid) are also absorbable sutures, but they typically maintain their strength for a period of 4 to 6 weeks and 4 to 6 months, respectively. Chromic catgut is a natural absorbable suture that is made from purified collagen fibers derived from the serosal layer of sheep intestines. Its strength retention is about 14 to 21 days.

Which among the following is elevated in hemophilia A? Lok Sewa Aayog 2079

 # Which among the following is elevated in hemophilia A? 

(A) PT 

(B) CT 

(C) APTT 

(D) PT and APTT 

The correct answer is C. APTT.

PT (prothrombin time) is typically normal in hemophilia A. Hemophilia A is a genetic disorder that affects the coagulation system, specifically the clotting factor VIII. PT measures the extrinsic pathway of coagulation, which is not affected in hemophilia A. Instead, hemophilia A patients typically have a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), which measures the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. 

Radioisotopes are used in the following techniques, except: Lok Sewa Aayog 2079

# Radioisotopes are used in the following techniques, except:

(A) Mass spectroscopy 

(B) RIA

(C) ELISA 

(D) Sequencing of nucleic acid

The correct answer is C. ELISA.

Radioisotopes were commonly used in ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) in the past, but they are no longer commonly used due to safety concerns and advances in technology.

In the past, radioactive isotopes such as iodine-125 and tritium were used to label antibodies or antigens in ELISA. These isotopes emit radiation that can be detected and measured to quantify the amount of labeled molecule in a sample. However, the use of radioisotopes poses risks to laboratory personnel and the environment due to the potential for radiation exposure.

Today, non-radioactive labeling methods such as fluorescent dyes or enzymes are more commonly used in ELISA. These methods are safer and more convenient, and they can provide similar sensitivity and specificity as radioisotope-based assays.