Dentosphere : World of Dentistry

 The Dental Council of India (DCI) is a statutory body that regulates dental education and practice in India. Its main responsibilities include setting standards for dental education, maintaining a register of qualified dentists, and regulating dental practice to ensure patient safety. However, despite its efforts, the DCI has struggled to stop dental quackery in India. There are several reasons why this is the case. Firstly, dental quackery is a widespread problem in India, and it is not limited to unlicensed practitioners. Even licensed dentists sometimes engage in unethical or illegal practices, such as overcharging patients, performing unnecessary treatments, or using substandard materials. The DCI has limited resources and cannot monitor every dental practice in the country, making it difficult to identify and punish quacks and unethical practitioners. Secondly, dental quackery often thrives in areas where there is a shortage of qualified dentists or where dental care is not e...

 Artificial intelligence (AI) has been rapidly advancing in recent years and has already made a significant impact on various industries, including healthcare. One of the areas where AI is expected to have a significant impact is dentistry. In this essay, we will discuss the rise of AI and its impact on dentistry. AI is a branch of computer science that involves the creation of intelligent machines that can perform tasks that would typically require human intelligence. In dentistry, AI has the potential to revolutionize the way dentists diagnose and treat patients, as well as improve the overall patient experience. One of the areas where AI is already being used in dentistry is diagnostic imaging. AI-powered imaging technologies can analyze X-rays and other diagnostic images to detect early signs of oral diseases such as tooth decay, gum disease, and oral cancer. This can help dentists make more accurate diagnoses and develop more effective treatment plans for their patients. Anoth...

Over-the-counter (OTC) teeth bleaching agents have become increasingly popular in recent years, thanks in part to the rising trend of at-home teeth whitening. However, while these products promise to whiten teeth quickly and easily, they can actually have harmful effects on both the teeth and the body. In this essay, we will explore the harmful effects of OTC teeth-bleaching agents. One of the primary harmful effects of OTC teeth bleaching agents is tooth sensitivity. Many of these products contain harsh chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide, which can irritate the nerves in the teeth and cause pain and sensitivity. This sensitivity can be short-term or long-term, depending on the severity of the bleaching agent and the frequency of use. Another harmful effect of OTC teeth bleaching agents is gum irritation. The harsh chemicals in these products can also irritate the soft tissue of the gums, leading to redness, swelling, and bleeding. In severe cases, gum irritatio...

 # A patient with history of ankle edema, shortness of breath and orthopnea, is probably suffering from: A. Asthma B. Emphysema C. Cardiac decompensation D. Constrictive pericarditis The correct answer is C. Cardiac decompensation.  Ankle edema is a common sign of fluid accumulation in the body, which can occur in a variety of conditions. Shortness of breath and orthopnea, or difficulty breathing when lying down, can be indicative of heart failure or other cardiac issues. Asthma and emphysema are respiratory conditions that can also cause shortness of breath, but they do not typically present with ankle edema or orthopnea. Constrictive pericarditis is a rare condition characterized by inflammation and thickening of the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart, which can cause heart failure-like symptoms, but it is less common than cardiac decompensation. Reference: Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medici...

 # Not true about Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: A. Organ specific immune disorder B. Serum thyroid microsomal antibodies C. Male predominance D. Treatment is thyroxine The correct answer is C. Male predominance. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland, resulting in inflammation and damage to the gland. It is characterized by the presence of serum thyroid microsomal antibodies, also known as thyroid peroxidase antibodies. It is an organ-specific immune disorder, meaning that it is specific to the thyroid gland. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is actually more common in females than in males, with a female-to-male ratio of approximately 10:1. The treatment for Hashimoto's thyroiditis is thyroxine replacement therapy, which can help to restore normal thyroid hormone levels and prevent the development of hypothyroidism. Reference: Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20th Ed...

 # Pulmonary surfactant is: A. Lecithin B. Dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline C. Dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl serine D. Sphingosine The correct answer is B. Dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline.  Pulmonary surfactant is a complex mixture of lipids and proteins that is produced in the lungs and helps to reduce surface tension in the alveoli during breathing. Dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC) is the most abundant lipid in pulmonary surfactant and is the primary component responsible for its surface tension-lowering properties. Reference: Hall, J. E. (2016). Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology (13th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Chapter 44, Pulmonary Ventilation.

Orthodontics is a branch of dentistry that deals with the diagnosis, prevention, and correction of irregularities in the teeth and jaws. The main aim of orthodontics is to improve the appearance and functionality of the teeth, as well as the overall health of the patient. The history of orthodontics can be traced back to ancient times. The ancient Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians used various methods to straighten their teeth, such as gold wires and crude braces made of animal teeth. However, it wasn't until the 18th century that the first orthodontic textbooks were written and the field began to take shape. One of the most significant figures in the history of orthodontics was Edward Angle, who is often referred to as the "father of modern orthodontics." He developed the first classification system for malocclusions, or irregularities in the teeth and jaws, and introduced the use of braces and wires to correct them. Since then, orthodontics has continued to evolve, with adv...