Succinylcholine prevents bronchospasm by:

 # Succinylcholine prevents bronchospasm by:

A. Depolarising block

B. Direct muscle relaxation

C. Centrally acting muscle relaxation

D. Dual action

The correct answer is A. Depolarising block.

A depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, succinylcholine adheres to post-synaptic cholinergic receptors of the motor endplate, inducing continuous disruption that results in transient fasciculations or involuntary muscle contractions and subsequent skeletal muscle paralysis. Following pharmacological onset, further neuromuscular transmittance across the neuromuscular junction is interrupted, given the medication dosage is sufficient and remains bound to the cholinergic receptor sites of the motor endplate. Depolarization of the postjunctional membrane deactivates sodium avenues resulting in inhibited responses to acetylcholine normally released. The mechanism of action is apparent within 60 seconds of intravenous administration and continues up to 360 seconds or 6 minutes.

Tic douloureux is synonymous with:

 # Tic douloureux is synonymous with:

A. Trigeminal neuralgia

B. Temporal lobe epilepsy

C. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia

D. Todds paralysis

The correct answer is A. Trigeminal neuralgia.

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN or TGN), also called Fothergill disease, tic douloureux, or trifacial neuralgia is a long-term pain disorder that affects the trigeminal nerve, the nerve responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing. It is a form of neuropathic pain. There are two main types: typical and atypical trigeminal neuralgia. The typical form results in episodes of severe, sudden, shock-like pain in one side of the face that lasts for seconds to a few minutes. Groups of these episodes can occur over a few hours. The atypical form results in a constant burning pain that is less severe. Episodes may be triggered by any touch to the face. Both forms may occur in the same person. It is regarded as one of the most painful disorders known to medicine and often results in depression.

First to classify malocclusion on structural basis:

 # First to classify malocclusion on structural basis:

A. Salzmann

B. Kingsley

C. Angle

D. Katz

The correct answer is A. Salzmann.

Salzmann in 1950 was the first to classify malocclusion based on skeletal structures. 

• Skeletal Class I: These are purely dental malocclusions. The jaws are in harmony with one another. The profile is orthognathic. 

• Skeletal Class II: Subnormal and distal mandibular development in relation to maxilla 

• Skeletal Class III: Overgrowth of the mandible with a prognathic mandible. 

Indications of Hydroxyapatite coated implants over titanium or metal-surfaced implants include all of the following except

 # Indications of Hydroxyapatite coated implants over titanium or metal-surfaced implants include all of the following except?

A. The need for greater bone-implant interface contact area

B. The ability to place the implant in type I bone

C. Fresh extraction sites

D. Newly grafted sites

The correct answer is B. The ability to place the implant in type I bone. 

Indications of HA-coated implants over titanium- or metal-surfaced implants include: 

• Need of more contact area at bone-implant interface 

• Implant can be given in type IV bone 

• Implant can be given at fresh extraction sites 

• Implant can be given at newly grafted sites 

Surfactant is secreted by:

 # Surfactant is secreted by:

A. Pneumocyte I

B. Pneumocyte II

C. Goblet cells

D. Pulmonary vessels

The correct answer is B. Pneumocyte II.

Surfactant lowers the surface tension of the fluid lining of the alveoli and prevents the collapsing tendency of the lungs. It is a phospholipid. The absence of surfactant results in Hyaline membrane disease (or) respiratory distress syndrome. 

Scleroderma is associated with:

 # Scleroderma is associated with:

A. Parry Romberg Syndrome

B. Pierre Robin Syndrome

C. Gardner Syndrome

D. Peutz Jegher Syndrome

The correct answer is A. Parry Romberg Syndrome.

Hemifacial atrophy or Parry Romberg syndrome consists of slow progressive atrophy of soft tissues of essentially half the face, characterized by progressive wasting of subcutaneous fat, accompanied by atrophy of skin, cartilage, bone, and muscle. This syndrome is accompanied usually by contralateral Jacksonian epilepsy, trigeminal neuralgia, and changes in hair and eyes. It is also reported that hemifacial atrophy is a form of localized scleroderma which is supported by its concurrence with scleroderma. 

Samaya Dental Care Pvt.Ltd., Kadaghari Kathmandu

 Name of Dental Clinic: Samaya Dental Care Pvt.Ltd.

Address (Full): Medical chowk, Kadaghari-9,Kathmandu

Year of Establishment: 2079 B. S.

Name of the chief Dental Surgeon: Dr.Nisha Sapkota

CONTACT NUMBER: 014492979

NMC Number of Dental Surgeon: 29031

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