Dentosphere : World of Dentistry

 # Analysis of skull shape and size, supraorbital ridge, extension of zygomatic arch beyond external meatus, measurement of angle of mandible helps in: A. Sex determination B. Racial determination C. Age determination D. Ethnicity determination The correct answer is A. Sex determination. Skull and facial features like mastoid process, supraorbital ridges, size and architecture of skull can help in determining the sex of patient in 94% cases.  Sex differentiation (Sexing) of a specimen: It can be done using methods as below:    Using craniofacial morphology: T he following 6 traits give accurate results 94% times:  - Mastoid process  - Supraorbital ridge \ - Size and architecture of skull  - Extension of the zygomatic arch beyond the external auditory canal  - Nasal aperture and  - Gonial angle (on the mandible) (Including more features increases accuracy by 2%) 

 # Prolonged retention is usually needed in: A. Diastema B. Mild crowding C. Anterior cross bite D. Deep bite The correct answer is A. Diastema. Fixed (bonded) orthodontic retainers are normally used where intra-arch instability is anticipated and prolonged retention is planned. There are three major indications: • Maintenance of lower incisor position during late growth • Diastema maintenance • Maintenance of posterior tooth position in adults Reference: Proffit's Contemporary Orthodontics, 6th Edition.

 # Root shape before and after orthodontic treatment with radiographic evidence was first given by: A. Kaley and Phillip B. Newman and Proffit C. Ketcham AH D. Malmgren and Lavendar The correct answer is C. Ketcham AH. Albert H. Ketcham was born on August 3, 1870, and grew up in Whiting, Vermont. He graduated from the Boston Dental School in 1892, then moved to Colorado due to ill health. Inspired by the challenges of the young profession of orthodontics, he chose to enter the Angle School of Orthodontia in 1902. As a deep thinker with an inquiring mind, Ketcham explored many of the philosophical and mechanical problems, as well as the controversies of the profession of his day. He was one of the first to investigate root resorption, which continues to be a challenge today. He began to question some of Angle’s arbitrary pronouncements, causing Angle to attack him vehemently as a deviationist. He was smart enough to travel his own way from that time on. He worked hard to improve the...

 # Non caseating granuloma with bilateral Hilar lymphadenopathy is a feature of: A. Histoplasmosis B. Sarcoidosis C. Silicosis D. Tannosis The correct answer is B. Sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis is described as a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown origin characterized by the formation of uniform, discrete, compact, non-caseating epithelioid granulomas. It is more common in blacks than in whites. Though many investigators have regarded this disease, of unknown etiology, both infective and noninfective agents have been implicated. Currently the infectious etiology is more favored with focus on Mycobacterium and Propionibacterium. It is interesting to note that there was a belief that sarcoidosis is in some way related to tuberculosis. The factors which stood against were inability to culture the bacteria from the pathological tissues and difficulty in identifying them in stained sections. Reference: Shafer's Textbook of Oral Pathology 7th Edition.

 # Resistance of mini screw to dislodgement comes from contact with: A. Soft tissue B. Teeth C. Medullary bone D. Cortical bone The correct answer is D. Cortical bone. The quality and quantity of the alveolar bone are considered important influential factors affecting the success rate of orthodontic mini-implants. The cortical bone thickness is considered a decisive factor in the overall success/failure of the mini-implant. It has been shown that an increase in the cortical bone thickness in the alveolar bone of maxilla and mandible significantly increases the primary stability of the mini-implant. A recent meta-analysis showed positive association between mini-implant stability and amount of cortical bone.  Reference: Temporary Anchorage Devices in Orthodontics, SECOND EDITION, Ravindra Nanda, BDS, MDS, PhD

Introduction Gingival stippling is a term commonly used in dentistry to describe the texture or appearance of the gums. These stippled gums can tell dental professionals a lot about a person's oral health. While it might not be a topic of everyday conversation, understanding gingival stippling is crucial for both dental practitioners and patients. In this article, we will explore what gingival stippling is, its significance, and how it relates to oral health. What is Gingival Stippling? Gingival stippling refers to the small, dimpled, or pebbled texture that is often seen on the surface of healthy gums. This stippled appearance is caused by the presence of tiny, raised dots or projections on the gingival tissue, creating a finely textured, orange-peel-like appearance. Gingival stippling is most commonly found on the gums that surround the teeth in the upper and lower arches of the mouth. Significance of Gingival Stippling: Indication of Gingival Health: Gingival stippling is primar...

 # The movement of bone in response to its own growth is termed as: A. Rotation B. Primary displacement C. Secondary displacement D. Differentiation The correct answer is B. Primary displacement. Displacement is described as the change in position of an object following the application of force. In this chapter, the term will be used for body tissues (namely, bone), and force is the growth of body tissues. The displacement of bones occurs with growth in two ways: 1. Primary displacement of a bone occurs due to its growth, which causes it to move from its original position. For example displacement of the chin anteriorly due to the increasing mandibular length. 2. Secondary displacement (also called translatory growth) is an illustration of growth at a location subsequent to actual growth occurring in a distant part of the skeletal system. The structure in question is displaced from its position due to- the growth of adjacent structures. For example, growth of the spheno-occipital s...