Which cusp on a maxillary first molar has two ridges: one that forms part of a transverse ridge and the other that forms part of an oblique ridge?

 # Which cusp on a maxillary first molar has two ridges: one that forms part of a transverse ridge and the other that forms part of an oblique ridge?

a. Mesiobuccal

b. Mesiolingual

c. Distobuccal

d. Distolingual

The correct answer is B. Mesiolingual. 

The mesiolingual cusp has triangular ridge as well as buccal ridge as shown in the figure of right maxillary first molar. 

From which view are only two roots visible on a maxillary first molar?

 # From which view are only two roots visible on a maxillary first molar?

a. Mesial

b. Distal

c. Buccal

d. Lingual

The correct answer is A. Mesial.

On both the maxillary first and second molars from the mesial view, two roots can be seen: the lingual

root and the mesiobuccal root, which is considerably wider buccolingually than the hidden distobuccal root.  On the first maxillary molar, the convex buccal outline of the mesiobuccal root often extends a little buccal to the crown outline, but the apex of this root is in line with the tip of the mesiobuccal cusp.

The furcations are likely to be farthest away from the cervical portion of the tooth in which of the following teeth?

 # The furcations are likely to be farthest away from the cervical portion of the tooth in which of the following teeth?

A. Mandibular first molar

B. Mandibular second molar

C. Mandibular third molar

D. Maxillary first molar

The correct answer is C. Mandibular third molar. 

Both maxillary and mandibular third molar roots are noticeably shorter than on firsts or seconds. They are very crooked, often curving distally, and more commonly fused most of their length resulting in a long root trunk with the furcation located only a short distance from the apices of the roots. 

What is the main purpose of miniplates in orthodontic practice?

 # What is the main purpose of miniplates in orthodontic practice?

A. To manage skeletal discrepancy without dental adverse effects 

B. To serve as an alternative anchorage system for mini-implants 

C. To withstand torsional force 

D. To anchor soft tissue to root apices

The correct answer is: A. To manage skeletal discrepancy without dental adverse effects. 

Miniplates are an alternative form of orthodontic TADs. They are anchored on skeletal bone using monocortical titanium screws and are indicated for orthopaedic traction to manage skeletal discrepancy without dental adverse effects. They can also be used as an alternative anchorage system when mini-implant insertion is unsatisfactory. While miniplates can be used as an alternative anchorage system, their primary purpose is not specifically to serve as an alternative to mini-implants.

Unlike mini-implants, miniplates can resist various types of force applications and have a lower failure rate. They are able to withstand force with a magnitude of 400–500 g. Additionally, the portion of a miniplate covered by soft tissue can be anchored apically to root apices, helping to avoid potential root damage and reduce soft tissue irritation.

Skeletal class II growth pattern 18 years old Female

 # Mr. Baburam Bhattarai brought his two children one female and one male for dental checkup. The female was 18-years-old & the male was 12 years old. Both had a skeletal class II growth pattern. The growth modification can be done only for the following: 

A. Only in male 

B. Only in female 

C. In both the male & female 

D. Cannot be done 

The correct answer is A. Only in Male.

Though the chronological age may be misleading and the status of growth has to be evaluated through CVM stages, growth modulation is possible in 12 year males and it's not possible in 18 year females. 

Test done when midline diastema and high frenal attachment is present

 # Prachanda, a 20-year-old boy went to his dentist with a complaint of spacing between his upper central incisors. On examination there was presence of mid line diastema. There was a high frenal attachment. Which test will the dentist do to confirm it?

 A. Montoux test 

B. Cotton test 

C. Ganong’s test 

D. Blanch test

The correct answer is D. Blanch Test.

To confirm the high frenal attachment in the presence of a midline diastema, the dentist would perform the Blanch test. This test involves lifting the lip and pulling it outward. If blanching (whitening) occurs in the soft tissue palatal to or between the central incisors, it indicates a high labial frenum attachment. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Blanch test.

Lesions within the basal ganglia produce the following signs except:

 # Lesions within the basal ganglia produce the following signs except: 

A. Hypotonia 

B. Tremor 

C. Hemiballisumus 

D. Athetosis

Lesions within the basal ganglia can lead to various motor disturbances. Let's analyze the given signs:

1. Hypotonia: This refers to reduced muscle tone or decreased resistance to passive movement. It is associated with basal ganglia dysfunction.

2. Tremor: Tremors are rhythmic, involuntary movements. Basal ganglia lesions can indeed cause tremors.

3. Hemiballismus: Hemiballismus is characterized by sudden, wild, and flinging movements of one side of the body. It specifically results from damage to the subthalamic nucleus within the basal ganglia.

4. Athetosis: Athetosis involves slow, writhing, and twisting movements, often affecting the hands and fingers. It is also associated with basal ganglia dysfunction.

Given the options, the sign that is not directly associated with basal ganglia lesions is Hypotonia. Hypotonia is more commonly related to other brain regions or spinal cord abnormalities.

Remember, basal ganglia play a crucial role in motor control, coordination, and movement regulation. Any disruption in this area can lead to various motor symptoms.