Cleft lip and palate is associated with all, EXCEPT:

 # Cleft lip and palate is associated with all, EXCEPT:

A. Van der Woude Syndrome

B. Gardner syndrome

C. Treacher Collin Syndrome

D. Pierre Robin Syndrome

The correct answer is:

B. Gardner syndrome

Explanation:

Van der Woude Syndrome:

This is a genetic condition commonly associated with cleft lip and/or palate. It is characterized by lip pits and other oral anomalies.

Gardner syndrome:

This syndrome is primarily associated with intestinal polyps, osteomas, and soft tissue tumors. It does not typically involve cleft lip or palate.

Treacher Collins Syndrome:

This genetic disorder affects craniofacial development and can be associated with cleft palate (though cleft lip is less common).

Pierre Robin Syndrome:

This condition is characterized by mandibular hypoplasia, glossoptosis, and cleft palate. Cleft palate is a hallmark feature of this syndrome.

Which of the following is not a systemic disorder causing delayed eruption of permanent teeth?

 # Which of the following is not a systemic disorder causing delayed eruption of permanent teeth?

A. Segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia

B. Celiac disease

C. Cerebral palsy

D. Ichthyosis

The answer is A. Segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia.

Explanation:

Segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia:

This is a localized developmental disorder, not a systemic disorder. It affects the maxilla segmentally, often leading to delayed eruption of teeth in that specific area. However, it is not classified as a systemic disorder.

Celiac disease:

This is a systemic condition that can cause nutritional deficiencies (e.g., calcium, vitamin D), leading to delayed dental development and eruption.

Cerebral palsy:

A systemic neurological disorder that can indirectly delay the eruption of permanent teeth due to associated developmental challenges.

Ichthyosis:

Though primarily a skin disorder, certain severe systemic forms might cause delayed eruption due to associated developmental issues.

In falciparum malaria, causes of anemia are due to all EXCEPT:

 # In falciparum malaria, causes of anemia are due to all EXCEPT:

A. Hemolysis

B. Malabsorption

C. Spleen sequestration

D. Bone marrow depression

The correct answer is B. Malabsorption.

In falciparum malaria, the causes of anemia include:

Hemolysis: Destruction of red blood cells.

Spleen sequestration: Trapping of red blood cells in the spleen.

Bone marrow depression: Reduced production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.

However, malabsorption is not typically a cause of anemia in falciparum malaria. 

Acute angled cusps in permanent maxillary first molar are:

 # Acute angled cusps in permanent maxillary first molar are:

A. Distobuccal and mesiolingual

B. Mesiobuccal and distolingual

C. Mesiobuccal and distobuccal

D. Mesiolingual and distolingual

The correct answer is B. Mesiobuccal and distolingual.

Explanation:

In the permanent maxillary first molar:

The mesiobuccal and distolingual cusps form acute angles.

The mesiolingual and distobuccal cusps form obtuse angles.

These acute and obtuse angles contribute to the rhomboid-shaped occlusal outline typical of the maxillary first molar.

Most common side effect of long term heavy dose of carbamazepine is:

 # Most common side effect of long term heavy dose of carbamazepine is:

A. Aplastic Anemia

B. Fluid retention

C. Renal toxicity

D. Gingival hyperplasia

The correct answer is: A. Aplastic Anemia.

Explanation:

Carbamazepine is an antiepileptic drug with several potential side effects. The most common long-term serious side effect associated with heavy doses of carbamazepine is hematological toxicity, including aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis, though these are rare.

A. Aplastic Anemia: Correct. Long-term use of carbamazepine can suppress bone marrow, leading to aplastic anemia.

B. Fluid Retention: While carbamazepine can cause hyponatremia due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), this is not the most common severe long-term side effect.

C. Renal Toxicity: Carbamazepine is not primarily known for causing renal toxicity.

D. Gingival Hyperplasia: This is more commonly associated with drugs like phenytoin, not carbamazepine.

# All are true about dental anomalies in cleft patients EXCEPT:

 # All are true about dental anomalies in cleft patients EXCEPT:

A. Hypodontia is the most commonly observed dental anomaly

B. Incidence of dental anomalies is strongly correlated with cleft severity

C. Maxillary lateral incisor is the most frequently affected tooth in the cleft area

D. Dental anomaly occurs more frequently on the non cleft side

The correct answer is D. Dental anomaly occurs more frequently on the non cleft side.

Explanation:

A. Hypodontia is the most commonly observed dental anomaly: True. Hypodontia, particularly in the maxillary lateral incisors, is frequently observed in cleft patients.

B. Incidence of dental anomalies is strongly correlated with cleft severity: True. More severe clefts are often associated with a higher prevalence of dental anomalies.

C. Maxillary lateral incisor is the most frequently affected tooth in the cleft area: True. This tooth is commonly missing, malformed, or displaced in cleft patients.

D. Dental anomaly occurs more frequently on the non-cleft side: False. Dental anomalies occur more frequently on the cleft side due to the disruption of normal development in the region of the cleft.

If retromolar pad and tuberosity contact, what should be done?

 # If retromolar pad and tuberosity contact, what should be done?

A. Surgical reduction of tuberosity

B. Do not extend dentures to retromolar area

C. Denture fabrication not possible

D. Has no effect on denture

The correct answer is A. Surgical reduction of tuberosity.

A. Surgical reduction of tuberosity

If the retromolar pad and tuberosity contact, it can hinder proper denture seating and stability. Surgical reduction of the tuberosity creates space for the denture to fit properly and function effectively.