# A person with a long history of alcohol intake reports with acute alcohol intoxication. Which of the following enzymes is a marker of acute toxicity?
A. AST
B. ALT
C. GGT
D. Alkaline phosphatase
Calcium hydroxide applied directly to the exposed pulp to preserve its vitality
# A patient with pulp exposure has calcium hydroxide applied directly to the exposed pulp to preserve its vitality. What is this procedure called?
A. Indirect pulp capping
B. Partial pulpotomy
C. Direct pulp capping
D. Cvek pulpotomy
The correct answer is:
C. Direct pulp capping
Direct pulp capping involves the application of a biocompatible material, such as calcium hydroxide, directly onto an exposed pulp to preserve its vitality and encourage the formation of reparative dentin.
Soreness of the muscles after wearing the denture for sometime
# A newly fabricated complete denture patient reports with the complaint of soreness of the muscles after wearing the denture for sometime. What could be the probable cause?
A. Increased interocclusal space
B. Decreased interocclusal space
C. Excessive muscular force on the denture
D. Repeated muscle trauma
The correct answer is: B. Decreased interocclusal space
Explanation:
Soreness of the muscles after wearing newly fabricated complete dentures is often due to a decreased interocclusal space (or excessive occlusal vertical dimension). When the interocclusal space is inadequate:
- The denture teeth are set too far apart, increasing the vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO).
- This forces the muscles of mastication to remain overly contracted, leading to muscle fatigue and soreness over time.
- The patient may also experience difficulty closing their mouth comfortably or feel that the dentures are "too tall."
Other options:
- A. Increased interocclusal space: Excessive interocclusal space (reduced VDO) might cause overclosure of the jaws but typically leads to different problems like angular cheilitis and lack of proper function, rather than muscle soreness.
- C. Excessive muscular force on the denture: While excessive force can cause issues, it is usually secondary to improper fit or function, not a primary cause related to soreness.
- D. Repeated muscle trauma: This is uncommon with new dentures unless associated with improper extension or faulty design, but it is not the primary explanation in this case.
Key Takeaway:
Proper assessment of the vertical dimension and interocclusal space is crucial in denture fabrication to avoid muscular discomfort and ensure comfort during function.
# RPI clasp in a distal extension cast partial denture:
A. Used for buccally tilted molar
B. Provides push type retention
C. Provides pull type retention
D. Is contraindicated
The correct answer is:
B. Provides push type retention
Explanation:
The RPI clasp (Rest, Proximal plate, I-bar) system in a distal extension removable partial denture provides push-type retention because the I-bar clasp moves in a downward direction towards the gingiva when the denture base moves occlusally during function. This ensures that forces are directed in a manner that minimizes torque on the abutment tooth and enhances tissue support.
Breakdown of Key Features:
- Rest: Positioned mesially to redirect forces along the long axis of the abutment tooth.
- Proximal Plate: Contacts the guiding plane to stabilize the denture and control path of insertion and removal.
- I-bar clasp: Engages an undercut and moves gingivally (pushes) as the denture is seated or when occlusal forces displace the denture base.
The push-type action of the I-bar helps maintain a stress-relieving design by allowing movement and reducing torque on the abutment during function.
Mass chemoprophylaxis for anemia in a population
# What is recommended for mass chemoprophylaxis for anemia in a population?
A. Ferrous sulphate
B. Ferrous fumarate+ vit B12 + Folic acid + Vit. C
C. Intravenous iron
D. Oral iron supplements
The correct answer is: B. Ferrous fumarate + Vitamin B12 + Folic acid + Vitamin C
Explanation:
Mass chemoprophylaxis for anemia in a population focuses on addressing the most common causes of anemia, such as iron deficiency, folate deficiency, and vitamin B12 deficiency. The combination of Ferrous fumarate, Vitamin B12, Folic acid, and Vitamin C is recommended because:
- Ferrous fumarate: Provides a bioavailable form of iron.
- Vitamin B12 and Folic acid: Address common deficiencies leading to megaloblastic anemia.
- Vitamin C: Enhances the absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract.
Other options:
- A. Ferrous sulphate: Provides iron but does not address other nutritional deficiencies like folic acid or vitamin B12.
- C. Intravenous iron: Used for individuals with severe anemia or malabsorption but not practical for mass chemoprophylaxis.
- D. Oral iron supplements: Covers iron deficiency only and lacks the broader nutritional supplementation needed for population-wide anemia control.
Public Health Context:
In population-level interventions, a combination therapy like in option B is effective and feasible to address the multifactorial nature of anemia in resource-limited settings.
The patient has a nasal fracture. What will be the test for confirmation of CSF leakage?
# The patient has a nasal fracture. What will be the test for confirmation of CSF leakage?
A. CT scan
B. Decreased glucose
C. Increased glucose
D. Transferrin beta
The correct answer is: D. Transferrin beta
Explanation:
Beta-2 transferrin is a specific marker for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is not found in blood, nasal mucus, or other bodily fluids, making it a reliable test for confirming CSF leakage in cases like nasal fractures or head trauma.
Other options:
- A. CT scan: Useful for identifying fractures or other structural damage but not specific for confirming CSF leakage.
- B. Decreased glucose: Not a specific marker; glucose levels in nasal secretions can vary for other reasons.
- C. Increased glucose: Similarly nonspecific; glucose levels alone are not definitive for detecting CSF leakage.
Note: CSF leakage is often suspected if clear fluid drains from the nose (rhinorrhea) or ears (otorrhea), especially after trauma. Beta-2 transferrin testing is the gold standard for confirmation.
Civil Braces and Dental Care pvt. ltd - Dental Clinic in Kathmandu
Name of Dental Clinic: Civil Braces and Dental Care pvt. ltd
Address (Full): Anamnagar, Kathmandu (Infront of Bajeko Sekuwa)
Year of Establishment: 2024
Name of the chief Dental Surgeon: Dr. Seeta Sapkota
CONTACT NUMBER: 9845592841
NMC Number of Dental Surgeon: 20943
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