Angular cheilosis is frequently associated with the deficiency of:

 # Angular cheilosis is frequently associated with the deficiency of:

A. Thiamine

B. Riboflavin

C. Niacin

D. Folic acid

The correct answer is B. Riboflavin.

Magenta tongue (glossitis), fissures at corners of mouth (cheilosis), are common manifestations of  vitamin B2 deficiency. 

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Lazarine leprosy is a variant of:

 # Lazarine leprosy is a variant of:

A. Lepromatous leprosy

B. Tuberculoid leprosy

C. Intermediate leprosy

D. Dimorphic leprosy

The correct answer is A. Lepromatous leprosy.

Lazarine leprosy: This an unusual type of the disease characterized by ulceration and gangrene. The early lesions are bullae, which soon rupture and become gangrenous. It includes achromic and hypochromic spots of the lepra called lazarine (systematized nervous lepra with leprous erythema, pemphigoid and escharotic), and finally of mixed lepra. 

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Opsonins are:

 # Opsonins are:

A. C3a

B. IgM

C. Carbohydrate binding proteins

D. Selectins

The correct answer is C. Carbohydrate binding proteins.

Opsonins 

• Chemicals causing opsonisation 

• They are specific carbohydrate binding proteins 

Examples of opsonins 

• C3b 

• Fc fragment of antibody or IgG 

• Some serum proteins (like fibrinogen, mannose binding lectin and C reactive protein) 

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Origin and insertion of which of the following muscles can be seen clearly from outside?

 # Origin and insertion of which of the following muscles can be seen clearly from outside?

A. Masseter

B. Platysma

C. Sternocleidomastoid

D. All of the above

The correct answer is C. Sternocleidomastoid.

Sternocleidomastoid forms the most important landmark on the side of the neck. It becomes prominent

when the face is turned to the opposite side and is seen as a raised ridge extending obliquely from the sternum to the mastoid process. It is the key muscle of the neck which extends obliquely across the side of the neck, dividing it into posterior and anterior triangles.

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Chronological hypoplasia is:

 # Chronological hypoplasia is:

A. Hypoplasia of local origin

B. Hypoplasia of systemic origin

C. Hypoplasia of hereditary origin

D. None of the above

The correct answer is B. Hypoplasia of systemic origin.

Hypoplasia and hypocalcification may be caused by systemic, local or hereditary factors. Hypoplasia of systemic origin is termed as chronologic hypoplasia, because the lesion is found in the areas of those teeth where the enamel was formed during the systemic disturbance. 

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Which of the following is most frequently noted in patient populations suffering from chronic temporomandibular joint disorder?

 # Which of the following is most frequently noted in patient populations suffering from chronic temporomandibular joint disorder?

A. Passive aggressive disorder

B. Borderline personality disorder

C. Sociopathy

D. Schizotypical behavior

E. Depression psychosis

The correct answer is E. Depression psychosis.

Depression psychosis is a condition which may worsen with the presence of TMJ dysfunction.

Several studies suggest that the presence of depression is a common condition among people experiencing chronic pain, especially TMD.

People most prone to TMJ possess a malocclusion. Other factors that cause TMJ disease include grinding teeth during sleep (bruxism), having an overbite, and rheumatoid arthritis.

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Eruption time of deciduous maxillary second molar is:

 # Eruption time of deciduous maxillary second molar is:

A. 18 months

B. 20 months

C. 24 months

D. 28 months

The correct answer is D. 28 months.

The range of time for the crowns of primary dentition to fully erupt is between 7 to 30 months, whereas crown formation of all primary teeth is completed by 12 months of age. The range of time for the crowns of permanent dentition to fully erupt is between 6 to 13 years, (except for third molar).

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